Filters are global and they can be accessed at any location be it online or desktop or a new machine or on a new workbook as long as you are connected to the same NetSuite account.
Note
Filters are shown bound to the corresponding NetSuite account and record type selected.
If you have selected a transaction record type, the visible filters will only be the ones under the same record type.
For example, if you have selected Contact record type, all contact-related filters would be visible across your workbooks.
Check out the video below! It will show how the Global filter works:
When creating new filters
Renaming filters
Deleting filters
Filters are shown bound to the corresponding NetSuite account and record type selected.